Ko te pānga o te pūnaha oro ka whakatauhia ngātahitia e te taputapu pūtake oro me te wāhanga whakapakari oro o muri mai, arā, ko te pūtake oro, te whakahāngai, ngā taputapu ā-taha, te whakapakari oro me ngā taputapu hononga.

1. Pūnaha pūtake oro

Ko te hopuoro te hononga tuatahi o te pūnaha whakapakari oro katoa, o te pūnaha hopu oro rānei, ā, ka pā tika tōna kounga ki te kounga o te pūnaha katoa. E rua ngā wāhanga o ngā hopuoro: he waea me he ahokore, e ai ki te momo tuku tohu.

He tino pai ngā hopuoro ahokore mō te hopu i ngā pūtake oro pūkoro. Hei whakahaere i te hopu oro i ngā wā rerekē, ka taea te whakauru i ia pūnaha hopuoro ahokore ki tētahi hopuoro ringaringa me tētahi hopuoro Lavalier. Nā te mea he pūnaha whakapakari oro kei te whare rekoata i te wā kotahi, hei karo i ngā urupare oro, me whakamahi te hopuoro ringaringa ahokore i tētahi hopuoro kōrero tata kotahi-ara cardioid mō te hopu kōrero me te waiata. I taua wā anō, me whakamahi te pūnaha hopuoro ahokore i te hangarau whiwhi kanorau, e kore e taea anake te whakapai ake i te pumau o te tohu i whiwhihia, engari ka āwhina hoki ki te whakakore i te koki mate me te rohe matapo o te tohu i whiwhihia.

He maha ngā mahi a te hopuoro waea, ā, he maha ngā momo oro. Hei hopu i te reo, i te waiata rānei, ka whakamahia whānuitia ngā hopuoro whakapūmau cardioid, ā, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ngā hopuoro hiko ka taea te mau ki ngā wāhi he pūmau tonu ngā pūtake oro; ka taea te whakamahi i ngā hopuoro whakapūmau super-directional momo hopuoro hei hopu i ngā pānga taiao; ka whakamahia whānuitia ngā taonga patupatu. Ngā hopuoro koiri neke tairongo iti; ngā hopuoro whakapūmau teitei mō ngā aho, ngā papapātuhi me ētahi atu taonga puoro; ka taea te whakamahi i ngā hopuoro kōrero tata-aronga teitei ina nui ngā whakaritenga haruru taiao; me whakamahi ngā hopuoro whakapūmau kaki kūtai kotahi-ira me te whakaaro ki te ngāwari o ngā kaiwhakaari whare tapere nui.

Ka taea te whiriwhiri i te maha me te momo hopuoro i runga i ngā hiahia tuturu o te papaanga.

2. Pūnaha whakahāngai

Ko te wāhanga matua o te pūnaha whakahāngai ko te whakaranu, ka taea te whakanui, te whakaiti, me te whakarite hihiri i ngā tohu pūtake oro whakauru o ngā taumata rerekē me te aukati; whakamahia te whakataurite kua piri ki te tukatuka i ia roopu auau o te tohu; i muri i te whakatikatika i te ōwehenga whakaranu o ia tohu hongere, ka tohaina ia hongere ka tukuna ki ia pito whiwhi; whakahaere i te tohu whakapakari oro ora me te tohu tuhi.

He iti ngā mea hei aro atu mā te whakamahi i te mīhini whakaranu. Tuatahi, whiriwhiria ngā wāhanga whakauru he nui ake te kaha o te tauranga whakauru me te whānui o te urupare auau. Ka taea e koe te whiriwhiri i te whakaurunga hopuoro, te whakaurunga raina rānei. He pātene whakahaere taumata tonu kei ia whakaurunga me te pana mana phantom 48V. . Mā tēnei, ka taea e te wāhanga whakauru o ia hongere te arotau i te taumata tohu whakauru i mua i te tukatuka. Tuarua, nā ngā raruraru o te urupare urupare me te aroturuki hokinga atamira i roto i te whakapakari oro, ko te nui ake o te taurite o ngā wāhanga whakauru, ngā putanga āwhina me ngā putanga rōpū, ko te pai ake, ā, he watea te whakahaere. Tuatoru, mō te haumaru me te pono o te kaupapa, ka taea te whakauru i te mīhini whakaranu ki ngā pūtake hiko matua me te tūtatari e rua, ā, ka taea te huri aunoa. (Whakatikatika me te whakahaere i te atamira o te tohu oro), ko ngā tauranga whakauru me te putanga he pai ake ko ngā putanga XLR.

3. Ngā taputapu ā-taha

Me whakarite te whakapakari oro i te wāhi kia nui te pēhanga oro, me te kore e whakaputa urupare oro, kia tiakina ai ngā kaikorero me ngā whakakaha hiko. I taua wā anō, kia mau tonu ai te mārama o te oro, me te whakakapi anō hoki i ngā ngoikoretanga o te kaha o te oro, me tāuta he taputapu tukatuka oro i waenga i te mīhini whakaranu me te whakakaha hiko, pērā i ngā whakaōrite, ngā aukati urupare, ngā pūwero, ngā whakaoho, ngā wehewehe auau, me te tohatoha oro.

Ka whakamahia te whakataurite auau me te aukati urupare hei pehi i te urupare oro, hei whakatika i ngā hapa oro, hei whakarite hoki i te mārama o te oro. Ka whakamahia te pūwero hei whakarite kia kore te whakakaha mana e nui rawa te taumaha, e hē rānei ina tūtaki ki te tihi nui o te tohu whakauru, ā, ka taea te tiaki i te whakakaha mana me ngā kaikorero. Ka whakamahia te whakaoho hei whakapaipai i te pānga oro, arā, hei whakapai ake i te tae oro, te urunga, me te rongo oro, te mārama me te pānga oro papatahi. Ka whakamahia te wehewehe auau hei tuku i ngā tohu o ngā roopu auau rerekē ki ō rātou whakakaha mana e rite ana, ā, ka whakakaha ngā whakakaha mana i ngā tohu oro ka tukuna ki ngā kaikorero. Ki te hiahia koe ki te whakaputa i tētahi kaupapa pānga toi taumata-tiketike, he pai ake te whakamahi i tētahi whakawhiti hiko wāhanga-toru i roto i te hoahoa o te pūnaha whakapakari oro.

He maha ngā raruraru i roto i te tāutanga o te pūnaha oro. Nā te kore whakaaro tika ki te tūranga hononga me te raupapa o ngā taputapu ā-taha, ka kore e ranea te mahi a te taputapu, ā, ka wera hoki te taputapu. Ko te hononga o ngā taputapu ā-taha me whakarite kia tika: kei muri i te mīhini whakaranu te whakataurite; kaua hoki te pehi urupare e whakatakotoria ki mua i te whakataurite. Mēnā kei mua i te whakataurite te pehi urupare, he uaua ki te whakakore katoa i te urupare oro, kāore e pai mō te whakatikatika i te pehi urupare; me whakanoho te pūwero ki muri i te whakataurite me te pehi urupare, nā te mea ko te mahi matua o te pūwero he pehi i ngā tohu nui rawa atu me te tiaki i te whakakaha hiko me ngā kaikorero; ka honoa te whakaoho ki mua i te whakakaha hiko; ka honoa te whakawhiti hiko i mua i te whakakaha hiko ina hiahiatia.

Kia pai ai ngā hua o te hōtaka kua hopukina, me whakarite tika ngā tawhā o te pūwero. Kia tae te pūwero ki te āhua kōpeke, ka pā kino ki te oro, nō reira me karo i te pūwero i te āhua kōpeke mō te wā roa. Ko te kaupapa matua o te hono i te pūwero ki te hongere whānui matua, kia kaua e whai mahi whakanui tohu ngā taputapu taha i muri i a ia, ki te kore, kāore e taea e te pūwero te mahi tiaki. Koia te take me whakanoho te whakataurite i mua i te pūwero urupare, ā, me whakanoho te pūwero i muri i te pūwero urupare.

Ka whakamahia e te kaiwhakaoho ngā āhuatanga hinengaro-oro tangata hei hanga i ngā wāhanga harmony auau-teitei e ai ki te auau taketake o te oro. I taua wā anō, ka taea e te mahi whakawhānui auau-iti te hanga i ngā wāhanga auau-iti whai rawa, me te whakapai ake i te oro. Nō reira, he whānui rawa te awhe auau o te tohu oro e whakaputaina ana e te kaiwhakaoho. Mena he tino whānui te awhe auau o te pūwero, ka taea te hono i te kaiwhakaoho i mua i te pūwero.

Ka honoa te wehewehe auau hiko ki mua i te whakakaha hiko hei whakatikatika i ngā hapa i puta mai i te taiao me te urupare auau o ngā pūtake oro hōtaka rerekē; ko te ngoikoretanga nui ko te hononga me te patuiro he uaua, ā, he ngāwari ki te puta he aituā. I tēnei wā, kua puta mai ngā tukatuka oro mamati, e whakauru ana i ngā mahi o runga ake nei, ā, he atamai, he ngāwari ki te whakahaere, ā, he pai ake te mahi.

4. Pūnaha whakapakari oro

Me aro te pūnaha whakapakari oro ki te whakatutuki i te mana oro me te ōritetanga o te mara oro; mā te whakatārewatanga tika o ngā kaikorero ora ka taea te whakapai ake i te māramatanga o te whakapakari oro, te whakaiti i te ngaronga o te mana oro me te urupare oro; me rāhui te mana hiko katoa o te pūnaha whakapakari oro mō te 30%-50% o te mana rahui; whakamahia ngā pane whakarongo aroturuki ahokore.

5. Hononga pūnaha

Me whai whakaaro ki te taurite ātete me te taurite taumata i roto i te hononga taputapu. Ko te taurite me te kore taurite e pā ana ki te pūwāhi tohutoro. He ōrite te uara ātete (te uara ātete) o ngā pito e rua o te tohu ki te whenua, ā, he ritenga kē te polarity, he tāuru taurite, he putanga taurite rānei. Nā te mea he rite tonu te uara me te polarity o ngā tohu pokanoa e whiwhihia ana e ngā pito taurite e rua, ka taea e ngā tohu pokanoa te whakakore tetahi i tetahi i runga i te kawenga o te tuku taurite. Nō reira, he pai ake te kaha ki te pehi aratau-noa me te ārai-pokanoa o te ara iahiko taurite. Ko te nuinga o ngā taputapu oro ngaio e whakamahi ana i te hononga taurite.

Me whakamahi ngā taura poto maha mō te hononga kaikorero hei whakaiti i te ātete raina. Nā te mea ka pā te ātete raina me te ātete putanga o te whakakaha hiko ki te uara Q auau iti o te pūnaha kaikorero, ka kino ake ngā āhuatanga whakawhiti o te auau iti, ā, ka puta he whakapōturi i te raina tuku i te wā e tuku ana i ngā tohu oro. Nā te kaha tohatoha me te kaha tohatoha o te raina tuku, he āhuatanga auau motuhake ō rāua. Nā te mea he maha ngā wāhanga auau o te tohu, ina haere tētahi rōpū tohu oro he maha ngā wāhanga auau i roto i te raina tuku, ka rerekē te whakaroa me te whakaiti i puta mai i ngā wāhanga auau rerekē, ka hua ake te mea e kiia nei ko te whakapōturi whānui me te whakapōturi ā-wāhanga. I te nuinga o te wā, kei te noho tonu te whakapōturi. E ai ki te āhua ariā o te raina tuku, ko te āhua kore-ngaro o R=G=0 e kore e puta he whakapōturi, ā, kāore e taea hoki te kore-ngaro tino. Mēnā he iti te ngaronga, ko te āhua mō te tuku tohu me te kore-pōturi ko L/R=C/G, ā, ko te raina tuku ōrite tonu ko L/R.

6. Te patuiro pūnaha

I mua i te whakatikatika, whakatūria te pihi taumata pūnaha kia noho te taumata tohu o ia taumata ki roto i te awhe hihiri o te taputapu, ā, kia kore ai he tapahi kore-raina nā te taumata tohu teitei rawa, nā te taumata tohu iti rawa rānei, kia kore ai e whakataurite i te tohu-ki-te-haruru. He kino, i te wā e whakatakoto ana i te pihi taumata pūnaha, he mea tino nui te pihi taumata o te mīhini whakaranu. Whai muri i te whakatakoto i te taumata, ka taea te whakatika i te āhuatanga auau pūnaha.

Ko ngā taputapu oro-hiko ngaio hou me te kounga pai ake he tino papatahi ngā āhuatanga auau i waenga i te 20Hz-20KHz. Heoi, i muri i te hononga maha-taumata, inā koa ngā kaikorero, tera pea kāore i te tino papatahi ngā āhuatanga auau. Ko te tikanga whakatikatika tika ake ko te tikanga tātari haruru-āwhiowhio māwhero. Ko te tukanga whakatikatika o tēnei tikanga ko te whakauru i te haruru māwhero ki roto i te pūnaha oro, te tukurua anō e te kaikorero, me te whakamahi i te hopuoro whakamātautau hei hopu i te oro i te tūranga whakarongo pai rawa atu i roto i te whare. Ka honoa te hopuoro whakamātautau ki te tātari āwhiowhio, ka taea e te tātari āwhiowhio te whakaatu i ngā āhuatanga whānui-auau o te pūnaha oro whare, kātahi ka āta whakatikatika i te whakataurite kia rite ki ngā hua o te ine whānuitanga kia papatahi ai ngā āhuatanga whānui-auau. I muri i te whakatikatika, he pai ake te tirotiro i ngā āhua ngaru o ia taumata me te oscilloscope kia kite ai mēnā he hapa tapahi i puta mai i te whakatikatika nui o te whakataurite i tētahi taumata.

Me aro te pokanoa o te pūnaha ki ēnei āhuatanga: me pumau te ngaohiko o te tuku hiko; me pai te tūnga o te anga o ia taputapu ki te whenua kia kore ai e haruru; me taurite te whakaurunga me te putanga o te tohu; kia kore ai e koretake te waea me te whakarewanga koretake.